Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very common. It is estimated that around 50–60% of women will develop at least one UTI in their lifetime. UTIs occur when bacteria (germs) get into the lower urinary tract and find themselves in the bladder or urethra. If a UTI is not treated quickly or adequately, the infection can move up the urinary tract and into the kidneys. Such complications are why it is important that UTIs are treated properly.
Risk Factors for Developing a UTI
One of the most important risk factors for developing a UTI is having been diagnosed with a UTI in the past. Unfortunately, having a UTI in the past makes you susceptible to having another one in the future. Other risk factors include:
- Frequent or recent sexual activity – sexual activity tends to increase the risk of a UTI. Having a new partner also increases the risk
- Contraception methods like diaphragms or spermicidal agents may increase the risk of a UTI
- Menopause -after menopause, a decline in circulating estrogen causes changes in the urinary tract that make you more vulnerable to UTIs
- Certain medical conditions like diabetes can increase your risk of getting a UTI
- Pregnancy also increases the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs in pregnancy should always be taken seriously due to the potential complications that it can lead to
Symptoms of a UTI
When UTIs cause signs or symptoms these usually include:
- A frequent urge to urinate
- A burning sensation when urinating
- Urine that appears cloudy in colour
- Strong-smelling urine
- Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colour — a sign of blood in the urine
If the infection spreads to the upper urinary tract or to the kidneys (known as pyelonephritis), signs and symptoms may include:
- Back pain around upper sides or waist
- Fever or chills
- Nausea and/or vomiting
Diagnosis
Several methods may be used to determine whether you have a UTI.
- A urine sample may be used to evaluate the number of bacteria and white blood cells present.
- A pelvic exam may be needed to rule out a pelvic problem.
Management
Urinary tract infections are treated with antibiotics. Your doctor may recommend testing your urine after the treatment is finished to be sure the infection has completely cleared up. Some patients feel better within 24 hours of being on antibiotics, but it is important to take all of the medication provided to remove the bacteria.
Preventing UTIs
You can help prevent UTIs by practicing the following health habits:
- Practice good personal hygiene. Always wipe from front to back. Douching is not advised.
- Stay hydrated, drink plenty of fluids (at least three to four glasses of water each day) to help flush bacteria out of the urinary tract.
- Empty your bladder completely as soon as you feel the urge, or at least every three hours.
- Get plenty of vitamin C. It makes urine acidic and helps keep bacteria down. Vitamin C is found in orange juice, citrus fruits, and broccoli.
- Wear cotton underwear. Bacteria grow better in moist places. Cotton does not trap moisture.
If you contract a UTI or suspect you might have one, make an appointment to see your doctor.
References
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